La gestión del liderazgo enfermero y la cultura de seguridad del paciente en las organizaciones sanitarias / Nursing leadership management and patient safety culture in healthcare organizations

Objetivo: actualizar el análisis de la relación del liderazgo enfermero con la seguridad del paciente diferenciando entre los distintos tipos de liderazgo. Método: revisión narrativa realizada entre marzo y diciembre de 2021. Se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed, IBECS y CINAHL, utilizando los términos: Leadership, Patient Safety, Risk Management y Nursing, Supervisory, entre otros. Se incluyeron artículos de los últimos cinco años publicados en español o inglés. La selección se llevó a cabo entre tres investigadoras. Resultados: se encontraron 294 registros de los que 13 fueron incluidos finalmente en la revisión. Tres tipos de liderazgo (auténtico, transformacional y ético) tuvieron asociación con la disminución de eventos adversos. El liderazgo auténtico se mostró como predictor del aumento del clima de seguridad. El liderazgo ético se asoció con mayor notificación de errores. Se identificaron aspectos importantes de la persona que lidera para mejorar la seguridad: en la retroalimentación no asigna culpas, es capaz de transmitir los mensajes de forma adecuada, establece un clima de confianza y una comunicación continuada con el personal, es accesible, motivadora, tiene inteligencia emocional, promueve el trabajo en equipo. Conclusiones: distintos tipos de liderazgo se asocian a beneficios en la seguridad del paciente. Que las supervisoras desarrollen un liderazgo eficaz y basado en las relaciones positivas favorece una adecuada cultura de seguridad lo que ha de tenerse en cuenta a la hora de promoverla.(AU)

Objective: to update the analysis of the relationship between nursing leadership and patient safety, differentiating between types of leadership. Method: a narrative review conducted between March and December 2021. The PubMed, IBECS and CINAHL databases were consulted, using the terms Leadership, Patient Safety, Risk Management and Nursing, Supervisory, among others. Articles from the past five years published in Spanish or English were included. Three female researchers were in charge of selection. Results: there were 294 records retrieved, 13 of which were finally included in the review. Three types of leadership (authentic, transformational and ethical) were associated with a reduction in adverse events. Authentic leadership appeared as a predictor for an increase in safety environment. The ethical leadership was associated with a higher report of errors. Important aspects of the leader person were identified in order to improve safety: not assigning blame during feedback, being able to convey messages adequately, establishing a trust environment and continuous communication with staff, being accessible and motivating, having emotional intelligence, and promoting teamwork. Conclusions: different types of leadership are associated with benefits in patient safety. Supervisors developing an effective leadership based on positive relationships will encourage an adequate safety culture, which must be taken into account at the time of promotion.(AU)

La anorexia nerviosa en adolescentes. A propósito de un caso / Anorexia nervosa. A propos of a case

La incidencia de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) es ahora más alta que nunca. La edad promedio de inicio de la anorexia nerviosa está en los 17 años. La prevalencia encontrada es preocupante. En las chicas escolarizadas de 12 a 21 años, parece que el 4-5 % padece algún TCA (diagnosticado por psiquiatra). En este trabajo se pretende reflejar, mediante un caso clínico, los cuidados de enfermería que se realizan en una unidad de psiquiatría infanto-juvenil a los usuarios que ingresan con diagnóstico de anorexia nerviosa. Se trata de una adolescente que ingresa en la unidad con diagnóstico de anorexia nerviosa. Inicialmente, se realiza una valoración mediante los patrones funcionales de Gordon, para posteriormente determinar las esferas sobre las que se va a actuar y enunciar los diagnósticos principales, con sus respectivos objetivos e intervenciones. La atención de enfermería en la Unidad de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil es primordial. Las enfermeras son las que están en constante contacto con los pacientes y las que limitan las conductas de estos. También actúan como confesores y mantienen una relación estrecha con ellos (AU)

The incidence of eating disorder (ED) is now higher than ever. The average age of onset of anorexia nervosa is 17 years. The prevalence found is worrying. In the girls in school 12 to 21 years, it seems to suffer from a 4-5 % ED (diagnosed by a psychiatrist). This work intends to reflect, through a clinical case, the nursing care performed in a unit of child and adolescent psychiatry users admitted with diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. The teenager joined the unit with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. Initially, an evaluation is performed by the functional patterns of Gordon, later to identify areas on which it will act and state the principal diagnoses, with their respective objectives and interventions. The nursing care at the Adolescent Psychiatry Unit is paramount. Nurses are the ones that are in constant contact with patients and limiting these behaviors. They also act as confessors and maintain a close relationship with them (AU)

Adaptación cultural del cuestionario de burnout para amas de casa / Cultural adaptation of the Burnout Questionnaire for Housewives

OBJETIVO: realizar la adaptación cultural a la población española y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de burnout para amas de casa (CUBAC). MÉTODO: la adaptación se realizó en dos etapas, primeramente se examinaron las revisiones semánticas realizadas partiendo del cuestionario breve de burnout (CBB) por los creadores del CUBAC para elaborar este nuevo cuestionario. En la segunda fase se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas del CUBAC. Para ello se administró el cuestionario a una muestra de 130 mujeres españolas y se llevaron a cabo distintos análisis factoriales exploratorios con el objetivo de analizar la dimensionalidad de la escala. El análisis se realizó mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS (v.15).RESULTADOS: una vez analizadas las adaptaciones llevadas a cabo para la creación del nuevo cuestionario se realizaron los análisis estadísticos pertinentes. Los resultados obtenidos determinan una estructura factorial de dos dimensiones mediante las cuales se podría explicar el 60,313% de la varianza. Se advierte que todos los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach son elevados, lo que indica que la asignación de los ítems ha sido correcta. Los resultados obtenidos son parecidos a los del modelo original, pero hay matices importantes que deben tenerse en cuenta en la definición de un modelo de medición. CONCLUSIONES: el número de factores obtenidos en el presente estudio es mayor al que obtuvieron González y Landero en su análisis del CUBAC. Estos datos confirman la necesidad de seguir investigando la dimensionalidad de esta escala

OBJECTIVE: to conduct the cultural adaptation to the Spanish population, and assess the psychometric properties of the Burnout Questionnaire for Housewives (CUBAC).METHOD: the adaptation was conducted in two stages: initially, there was a review of those semantic corrections applied to the Brief Burnout Questionnaire (BBQ) by the CUBAC developers, in order to prepare this new questionnaire. In the second stage, the psychometric properties of the CUBAC were evaluated. To this aim, the questionnaire was administered to a sample of 130 Spanish women, and different exploratory factorial analyses were conducted with the objective of analyzing the dimensionality of the scale. The analysis was conducted with the SPSS statistical program (v.15).Outcomes: after completing the analysis of the adaptations made for developing the new questionnaire, the relevant statistical analyses were conducted. The outcomes obtained determined a factorial structure of two dimensions, which might be used to explain the 60.313% of the variance. It is observed that all Cronbach's alpha coefficients were high, which shows that the item assignation has been correct. The outcomes obtained were similar to those in the original model, but there are important nuances that must be taken into account in the definition of a measurement model. CONCLUSIONS: the number of factors obtained in the present study is higher than the one obtained by González and Landero in their CUBAC analysis. These data confirm the need for further research about the dimensionality of this scale

[Anorexia Nervosa: A Propos of a Case]. / La anorexia nerviosa en adolescents: A Propósito de un Caso.

The incidence of eating disorder (ED) is now higher than ever. the average age of onset of anorexia nervosa is 17 years. The prevalence found is worrying. In the girls in school 12 to 21 years, it seems to suffer from a 4-5% ED (diagnosed by a psychiatrist). This work intends to reflect, through a clinical case, the nursing care performed in a unit of child and adolescent psychiatry users admitted with diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. The teenager joined the unit with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. Initially, an evaluation is performed by the functional patterns of Gordon, later to identify areas on which it will act and state the principal diagnoses, with their respective objectives and interventions. The nursing care at the Adolescent Psychiatry Unit is paramount. Nurses are the ones that are in constant contact with patients and limiting these behaviors. They also act as confessors and maintain a close relationship with them.